The study presents an advanced 3D vehicle-road coupling vibration model, improving upon traditional single-point tire-road contact models. I recon, the approach is novel and aligns with current advancements in the field. The research contributes significantly to vehicle-road interaction studies by enhancing tire modeling, leading to improved accuracy in dynamic load calculations. The study is Well-detailed with mathematical formulations. Most importantly the findings are relevant for pavement design and vehicle dynamics. A few minor observations are as follows:

•Title could be: “An Innovative Vehicle-Road Coupling Vibration Model Using a 3D Flexible Roller-Contact Tire Approach”

•Figure 2: add error bars.

•Figure 3: Specify "existing research" source (Yang et al., 2015?) to make the graph self-explanatory.

•Justify assumptions (e.g., linear elasticity, isotropic road materials) with sensitivity analysis or citations.

•Expand discussion on computational efficiency (e.g., runtime vs. traditional models).

•Add pseudocode/flowchart for numerical solution (central difference method) and emphasize the need for future experimental validation.

-This manuscript presents the development of a 3D vehicle–road coupling vibration model based on an advanced 3D flexible roller contact tire model, by improving and optimizing traditional tire–pavement coupling theories. The research topic is both interesting and pertinent, particularly in the context of enhancing the study of vehicle–road dynamic interactions. The following specific comments and suggestions are provided to assist the authors in improving the manuscript: 

1. It is recommended to replace Figure 1 with a higher-resolution image to ensure clarity and better convey the structural details of the model. 

2. The manuscript describes the road structure as a double-layer plate, distinguishing between the surface and base layers, while the Kelvin foundation model simplifies the interaction between the soil and the base layer. Incorporating this information directly into Figure 1 would provide a clearer and more immediate understanding of the model's structural composition, better than the textual explanation.

 3. The advanced 3D flexible roller contact tire model introduces tire enveloping characteristics and shock absorption properties, leading to discrepancies between the study's results and existing literature. Providing a more detailed explanation of these features would enhance readers' comprehension of the model's advantages. In addition, presenting also the calculated dynamic loads from existing literature in Figure 2 would offer valuable context."""